Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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Categories Oesophagus

About Course

Overview in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of GERD, integrating the latest research and clinical guidelines.

Explain the Pathophysiology of GERD: Understand the mechanisms leading to the development of GERD, including the role of the lower esophageal sphincter, gastric acid, and esophageal motility.
Identify Clinical Manifestations: Recognize the typical and atypical symptoms of GERD, as well as potential complications.
Diagnose GERD: Utilize various diagnostic tools and criteria, including history-taking, physical examination, endoscopy, pH monitoring, and manometry.
Manage GERD: Develop treatment plans that include lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic therapies, and surgical interventions when necessary.
Understand Special Populations: Recognize how GERD presents and is managed in pediatric, geriatric, and pregnant populations.
Evaluate Emerging Therapies and Research: Stay updated with the latest advancements and research in the field of GERD.

LES	Crural diaphragm	Angle of Hiss
Myogenic smooth muscle fibres Predominantly innervated by inhibitory neurons located in the body of the esophagus. When persistalsis occurs , this send inhibitory signal that relaxes the LES for approximately 5-10 seconds	Considered the “external sphincter” of the LES Functions to increase pressure at the distal esophagus	Acute angle between the stomach and the esophagus. It is created by the collar sling fibres and the circular muscles around the gastroesophageal junction